will still achieve a standard score in the normal range.
Several children therefore produced errors consistently
but achieved normal scores. For example, one
child aged 7;5 used the developmental process of
post-alveolar fronting consistently (/R / produced as
[s]) but achieved a normal standard score even
though [R ] is usually acquired by 5;0 to 5;5 (Dodd,
2005). Where errors occur on phonemes that are
frequent in the ambient language, such as /s/, the
impact on speech is more pervasive and noticeable to
listeners than for errors affecting less frequently
occurring phonemes, such as affricates. For example
one child with a standard score in the normal range
consistently produced /s/ as a voiceless lateral
fricative (a lateral lisp), because /s/ is a frequently
occurring phoneme (Shriberg & Kwiatkowski, 1982)
this results in speech that is noticeably different from
the norm.