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ition ol a Ⅱational identity among the thirteen colonies re Quest-ceりu'unc•nation?' Ernest Rena ked in I 882. The essence of nation, he answered, was that the individuals in it had many things in common, and also that y had forgotten many things. They must have forgotten the Albigensian ma sacres and the massacre of St Bartholomew's Day. But, as that most percipient of commentators on nationalism, Benedict Anderson, has pointed out, Renan was assuming that Frenchmen remembered what they were also required to forget. The explanation lies, Anderson suggests, in the historiographical requirements of the nation-state. It must have a past, but the past was not that of a nation-state. The massacres become, not conflicts between enemies, but conflicts, as it were, within the national family, part, as Ander son puts it, of"a new form of narrative, a narrative of reassuring fratricide. If there is strong evidence of a Whig interpretation in the national histories of established nation-states, it is not surprising to find those who wished to found such states seeking support from the past. Often they were contending with rulers who appealed to other loyalties, more likely dynastic rather than national, and it was, for example, in face of the Habsburg rulers, though also in face of the German here mony with which those rulers associated themselves, that the Czechs built up their claim to national existence, and that Palacky recovered the Czech past. It a piece of legerdemain, as A. J. P. Taylor recognised." the nationalists were appropriating the achievements of dynasts and peoples of the past, and projecting back into the past the concept of the nation that they now wished io create. Adopting a powerful metaphor, they often wrote indeed of national"awakening If this book succeeds in awakening in you the consciousness of our past, which has been blotted out from our memories, and in rectifying what has been falsified by calumny, then I shall not have labored in vain. So Rizal wrote in dedicating t "the Filipinos' his edition of Succos de las Islas Filipinas ( 1609) by Antonio de Morga who, as he puts it, had witnessed the last moments of our ancient nationali In Southeast Asia nationalism became the basis of opposition to colonial rule and the objective was to create a nation-state, often adopting for a new p urpose the frontiers the colonial powers had created to disputes among themselv Nineteenth-century Europe offered some parallels to that endeavor, and there wa attempt to secure historiographical backing for the new natio the sam kind of sleight-of-hand. Again the Europeans unintentionally offered help. S Vijaya was "rediscovered" by George Coeds in 1918, for example, just at the tim when an 'Indonesian nationalism was taking shape, and the evidence of past great welcome Gaining independence for a nation-state was no guarantee that a nation-state had been created. The unity created by a struggle for independence could be under mined by succ norities would be threatened by majorities. The determination to create a sense of nationality within the nation
P 2ition ol a Ⅱational identity among the thirteen colonies re Quest-ceりu'unc•nation?' Ernest Rena ked in I 882. The essence of nation, he answered, was that the individuals in it had many things in common, and also that y had forgotten many things. They must have forgotten the Albigensian ma sacres and the massacre of St Bartholomew's Day. But, as that most percipient of commentators on nationalism, Benedict Anderson, has pointed out, Renan was assuming that Frenchmen remembered what they were also required to forget. The explanation lies, Anderson suggests, in the historiographical requirements of the nation-state. It must have a past, but the past was not that of a nation-state. The massacres become, not conflicts between enemies, but conflicts, as it were, within the national family, part, as Ander son puts it, of"a new form of narrative, a narrative of reassuring fratricide. If there is strong evidence of a Whig interpretation in the national histories of established nation-states, it is not surprising to find those who wished to found such states seeking support from the past. Often they were contending with rulers who appealed to other loyalties, more likely dynastic rather than national, and it was, for example, in face of the Habsburg rulers, though also in face of the German here mony with which those rulers associated themselves, that the Czechs built up their claim to national existence, and that Palacky recovered the Czech past. It a piece of legerdemain, as A. J. P. Taylor recognised." the nationalists were appropriating the achievements of dynasts and peoples of the past, and projecting back into the past the concept of the nation that they now wished io create. Adopting a powerful metaphor, they often wrote indeed of national"awakening If this book succeeds in awakening in you the consciousness of our past, which has been blotted out from our memories, and in rectifying what has been falsified by calumny, then I shall not have labored in vain. So Rizal wrote in dedicating t "the Filipinos' his edition of Succos de las Islas Filipinas ( 1609) by Antonio de Morga who, as he puts it, had witnessed the last moments of our ancient nationali In Southeast Asia nationalism became the basis of opposition to colonial rule and the objective was to create a nation-state, often adopting for a new p urpose the frontiers the colonial powers had created to disputes among themselv Nineteenth-century Europe offered some parallels to that endeavor, and there wa attempt to secure historiographical backing for the new natio the sam kind of sleight-of-hand. Again the Europeans unintentionally offered help. S Vijaya was "rediscovered" by George Coeds in 1918, for example, just at the tim when an 'Indonesian nationalism was taking shape, and the evidence of past great welcome Gaining independence for a nation-state was no guarantee that a nation-state had been created. The unity created by a struggle for independence could be under mined by succ norities would be threatened by majorities. The determination to create a sense of nationality within the nation
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