Previous study demon strated that stored lipids of seed playeda vital role in seed germination and seedling growth . In germinating seeds, triacylglycerol hydrolase is the principle enzyme that initiates mobilization of stored lipids, which ultimately provides the carbon skeleton and energy necessary to drive post germinative growth [39]. In Arabidopsis, vte2 mutants were unable to efficiently metabolize seed storage lipids, which cause the growth defect of vte2 seedlings [40]. Canola seeds treated with C14 and C16 fatty acids showed high germination rate [41]. As was predicted, 8.9–20.1% of seed of the OsLTPL36-RNAi lines failed to germinate, or developed into abnormal seedling with no root or only two leaves (Fig. 7, Table S4). These data further confirmed that declined lipid content led to abnormalities during seed germinationand seedling growth in rice