The crystalline structures of YVO4, YVO4: Ce3+ and YVO4: Ce3+/Eu3+ crystals
were determined by using a D/MAX-2500 X-ray diffraction (Rigaku, Japan) with
Cu/K radiation of wavelength 0.154056 nm. The photoluminescence and photoluminescence
excitation spectra of YVO4: Ce3+/Eu3+ crystal were measured using a
SPEX F-212 fluorescence spectrometer. Ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra were
recorded using a UV-3101PC spectrometer (Shimadzu, Japan).