Multifaceted approach to reducing occurrenceof severe hypoglycemia in a large healthcare systemCreation of dashboards. One ofthe first steps taken by the HypoglycemiaTask Force was to develop dashboardsto display monthly progress,raise awareness, and garner leadershipsupport. Data were displayedgraphically as risk-adjusted rates andcounts of severe hypoglycemia eventsat the system, hospital, and nursingunit levels. The dashboard reportswere automatically distributedmonthly to each hospital’s diabetesmanagement team members andhospital leaders. In addition, to bringthis concern to the forefront, severehypoglycemia events were added toBJC’s systemwide quality scorecardbeginning in 2011.An essential component of dashboarddevelopment was the creationof a metric to adjust for differencesin the patient populations of ourhospitals. To do so, the HypoglycemiaTask Force developed a metric tocalculate hypoglycemia rates to betterreflect true exposure. This metric,the “hypoglycemia at-risk rate,” wascalculated by dividing the numberof severe hypoglycemia events (asdefined above) at each BJC hospitalby the number of inpatient daysfor any patient with an antidiabeticagent order.Development of this risk-adjustedmetric accomplished several goals:The metric reduced measurementbias and allowed the task force toidentify high-performing hospitals,prioritize hospitals for improvement,and secure a “buy-in” for the hypoglycemiareduction initiative amongdiabetes experts across the system.This standard metric was appliedacross the entire BJC system, whichBy identifying all severe hypoglycemiaevents, collecting causativefactors for each event, and implementingcustomized, evidence-basedinterventions, BJC reduced severehypoglycemia events by 80% in fiveyears. Across BJC’s 2000-bed hospitalsystem, nearly five severe hypoglycemiaevents per day were identifiedduring a six-month baseline periodprior to the hypoglycemia initiative;by comparison, with similar patientdays,the count during the first sixmonths of 2014 was one event per day.The automated surveillance programidentified a hidden epidemic of severehypoglycemia at our hospitals. Byestablishing a multidisciplinary taskforce, gaining leadership support atall levels, and leveraging a wide arrayof system resources, BJC improvedpatient outcomes while aligningprocesses to sustain improved hypoglycemiaevent reduction in all of its11 hospitals. Notably, our approachmade efficient use of current hospitalresources while leveraging a very diversegroup of employees, includingpharmacists, certified diabetes educators,clinical nurse specialists, endocrinologists,dieticians, epidemiologists,and informatics specialists.This developed and implementedprocess is consistent with otherpublished initiatives as well as clinicalpractice recommendations. Thecreation of our Hypoglycemia TaskForce is in line with current recommendations,including an ASHPFoundation expert consensus panel’srecommendation that all hospitalsdevelop “protocol-driven andevidence-based order sets that permitprescribing of complex insulinregimens.”15 The early steps taken bythe BJC task force included modifyingthe antidiabetic medication ordersets within each hospital based oncurrent evidence.16 Pasala and colleagues17recently reported developinga similar inpatient hypoglycemiacommittee that investigated all severehypoglycemia events, developed atreatment protocol, revised insulinorder sets, and educated physicians;results of that initiative were not enumerated.Cobaugh and colleagues15recognized the importance of retrospectiveanalyses of hospitalwidedata to identify the root causes ofsevere hypoglycemia and enhanceinsulin-use safety in hospitals. Ourprocess included many recommendedstrategies, such as nurse-drivenhypoglycemia protocols for correctionof blood glucose concentrationsof <70 mg/dL to prevent mild eventsfrom deteriorating into severe eventsand creating multidisciplinary committeesto evaluate and improve currenthospital procedures.18Two factors were perceived to becrucial to the successful implementationof this process at multiplesites. First, a valid method of eventidentification was required in orderto garner extensive buy-in from seniorleadership. This support led toincreased awareness at all levels ofleadership and was crucial throughoutthe effort to sustain resourcesfor the hypoglycemia reductionproject. Second, the systematic collectionof data on causative factorsled to each hospital making localand system-level changes that decreasedsevere hypoglycemia events.In fact, all of the interventionsimplemented after the foundationalinterventions were informed by thesystematic collection of those data.This step provided many benefits,including
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