Acetaminophen
After sufficient evidence emerged of
an association between salicylates
and Reye syndrome, acetaminophen
essentially replaced aspirin as the primary
treatment of fever. Acetaminophen
doses of 10 to 15 mg/kg per dose
given every 4 to 6 hours orally are generally
regarded as safe and effective.
Typically, the onset of an antipyretic effect
is within 30 to 60 minutes; approximately
80% of children will experience
a decreased temperature within that
time (Table 1).
Although alternative dosing regimens
have been suggested,41– 43 no consistent
evidence has indicated that the
use of an initial loading dose by either
the oral (30 mg/kg per dose) or rectal
(40 mg/kg per dose) route improves
antipyretic efficacy. The higher rectal
dose is often used in intraoperative
conditions but cannot be recommended
for use in routine clinical
care.44,45 The use of higher loading
doses in clinical practice would add
potential risks for dosing confusion
leading to hepatotoxicity; therefore,
such doses are not recommended.
Although hepatotoxicity with acetaminophen
at recommended doses has
been reported rarely, hepatoxicity is
most commonly seen in the setting of
an acute overdose. In addition, there is
significant concern over the possibility
of acetaminophen-related hepatitis in
the setting of a chronic overdose. The
most commonly reported scenarios
are those of children receiving multiple
supratherapeutic doses (ie, 15
mg/kg per dose) or frequent administration
of appropriate single doses at
intervals of less than 4 hours, which
has resulted in doses of more than 90
mg/kg per day for several days.46,47 Giving
an adult preparation of acetaminophen
to a child may result in supratherapeutic
dosing. In 1 case series,46
half of the children with hepatotoxicity
had received adult preparations of
acetaminophen.
One safety concern is the effect of
acetaminophen on asthma-related
symptoms; although asthma has also
been associated with acetaminophen
use, causality has not been
demonstrated.48–5
AcetaminophenAfter sufficient evidence emerged ofan association between salicylatesand Reye syndrome, acetaminophenessentially replaced aspirin as the primarytreatment of fever. Acetaminophendoses of 10 to 15 mg/kg per dosegiven every 4 to 6 hours orally are generallyregarded as safe and effective.Typically, the onset of an antipyretic effectis within 30 to 60 minutes; approximately80% of children will experiencea decreased temperature within thattime (Table 1).Although alternative dosing regimenshave been suggested,41– 43 no consistentevidence has indicated that theuse of an initial loading dose by eitherthe oral (30 mg/kg per dose) or rectal(40 mg/kg per dose) route improvesantipyretic efficacy. The higher rectaldose is often used in intraoperativeconditions but cannot be recommendedfor use in routine clinicalcare.44,45 The use of higher loadingdoses in clinical practice would addpotential risks for dosing confusionleading to hepatotoxicity; therefore,such doses are not recommended.Although hepatotoxicity with acetaminophenat recommended doses hasbeen reported rarely, hepatoxicity ismost commonly seen in the setting ofan acute overdose. In addition, there issignificant concern over the possibilityof acetaminophen-related hepatitis inthe setting of a chronic overdose. Themost commonly reported scenariosare those of children receiving multiplesupratherapeutic doses (ie, 15mg/kg per dose) or frequent administrationof appropriate single doses at
intervals of less than 4 hours, which
has resulted in doses of more than 90
mg/kg per day for several days.46,47 Giving
an adult preparation of acetaminophen
to a child may result in supratherapeutic
dosing. In 1 case series,46
half of the children with hepatotoxicity
had received adult preparations of
acetaminophen.
One safety concern is the effect of
acetaminophen on asthma-related
symptoms; although asthma has also
been associated with acetaminophen
use, causality has not been
demonstrated.48–5
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