Fig. 2. Records (n 8) of the vertical ground
reaction force of right and left legs (Fv_R and
Fv_L, respectively) and horizontal ground reaction
force of right leg (Fh_R) (A), Achilles
tendon force (ATF) and joint angles (B),
lengths of muscle-tendon unit (MTU), fascicle,
and tendinous tissue (TT) [in MG (C) and
Sol (D)], and the EMG patterns from MG (E)
and Sol (F) during the contact phase of walking.
C and D: relative length changes from the
heel strike are shown. EMGs were normalized
to the individual peak values during the step
cycle. Due to timing differences of these peak
values, the averaged EMGs (shown in the
figure) are below 100%. The contact phase
was divided into 4 phases (A). Dotted lines
and bars show the positive values of 1 SE.