Piracy is not a new issue for littoral states in Southeast Asia. Indonesia and Singapore agreed to set up Coordinated Patrols since 1992 and established a Maritime Operation Planning Team to coordinate patrols between Indonesia and Malaysia.2 In 2003, Thailand and Malaysia increased their cooperative maritime patrols. This cooperation was further developed to establish the Malacca Straits Coordinated Patrols in 2004, which were the first naval patrols aiming to reduce piracy and smuggling activities in the straits.3 The Agreement offers the cooperative mechanism to provide opportunities and forums for all users of the straits, including states, shipping industries and other stakeholders. The cooperation here also prompted other observer states such as Japan, Korea and China to commit their strategic interests to the effort by contributing to and implementing the project under navigation.4 These cooperation efforts in the Malacca Straits have reduced the number of piratical in
In 2001, the ASEAN Regional Forum proposed formal cooperation in NTS areas. The ARF is not a special forum on combating piracy, but since its inception it has paid much attention to the issue. In 2002, the ARF members established a sea piracy taskforce to study piracy and armed robbery and issued a Statement on Cooperation against Piracy and Other Threats to Maritime Security in 2003. The ARF has pursued China and ASEAN to enter into an active dialogue on maritime security issues, including consultation on shipping security, maritime anti-terrorism operations, building up communication channels and carrying out various forms of NTS.5
In 2002, ASEAN and China issued the ‘Joint Declaration of ASEAN and China on Cooperation in the Field of Non-Traditional Security Issues’6 in the framework of ASEAN Plus One. The priority operating issues are illegal drug trafficking, trafficking in persons and children, terrorism, arms smuggling, money laundering, international economic crime and cyber crime. The signatories to the Declaration also agreed to enhance their ability to share information, undertake coordinated actions, and strengthen and reinforce state capability to work towards common goals.
In 2004, China participated in the first ASEAN Plus Three Ministerial Meeting on Transnational Crime (AMMTC+3). Meeting participants agreed to establish a cooperative mechanism to fight transnational crimes including sea piracy.7 China now has multilateral cooperation on security policy through the AMMTC+3, and has also advocated for meetings in ARF and ASEAN+1.
The framework of Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery in Asia (ReCAAP) was set up in Tokyo in 2004. Under this agreement, the Information Sharing Centre (ISC) was established. Member countries are obliged to provide a framework for exchanging information on matters that include prevention and suppression of piracy and armed robbery, the arrest of perpetrators and seizure of vessels/craft used to carry out attacks, and rescue of victims of attacks.8 This is the first time governments in the East, the Southeast, and the South Asia have institutionalised their cooperation in the form of a permanent body with full-time staff to combat piracy and armed robbery against ships.
Piracy is not a new issue for littoral states in Southeast Asia. Indonesia and Singapore agreed to set up Coordinated Patrols since 1992 and established a Maritime Operation Planning Team to coordinate patrols between Indonesia and Malaysia.2 In 2003, Thailand and Malaysia increased their cooperative maritime patrols. This cooperation was further developed to establish the Malacca Straits Coordinated Patrols in 2004, which were the first naval patrols aiming to reduce piracy and smuggling activities in the straits.3 The Agreement offers the cooperative mechanism to provide opportunities and forums for all users of the straits, including states, shipping industries and other stakeholders. The cooperation here also prompted other observer states such as Japan, Korea and China to commit their strategic interests to the effort by contributing to and implementing the project under navigation.4 These cooperation efforts in the Malacca Straits have reduced the number of piratical in
In 2001, the ASEAN Regional Forum proposed formal cooperation in NTS areas. The ARF is not a special forum on combating piracy, but since its inception it has paid much attention to the issue. In 2002, the ARF members established a sea piracy taskforce to study piracy and armed robbery and issued a Statement on Cooperation against Piracy and Other Threats to Maritime Security in 2003. The ARF has pursued China and ASEAN to enter into an active dialogue on maritime security issues, including consultation on shipping security, maritime anti-terrorism operations, building up communication channels and carrying out various forms of NTS.5
In 2002, ASEAN and China issued the ‘Joint Declaration of ASEAN and China on Cooperation in the Field of Non-Traditional Security Issues’6 in the framework of ASEAN Plus One. The priority operating issues are illegal drug trafficking, trafficking in persons and children, terrorism, arms smuggling, money laundering, international economic crime and cyber crime. The signatories to the Declaration also agreed to enhance their ability to share information, undertake coordinated actions, and strengthen and reinforce state capability to work towards common goals.
In 2004, China participated in the first ASEAN Plus Three Ministerial Meeting on Transnational Crime (AMMTC+3). Meeting participants agreed to establish a cooperative mechanism to fight transnational crimes including sea piracy.7 China now has multilateral cooperation on security policy through the AMMTC+3, and has also advocated for meetings in ARF and ASEAN+1.
The framework of Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery in Asia (ReCAAP) was set up in Tokyo in 2004. Under this agreement, the Information Sharing Centre (ISC) was established. Member countries are obliged to provide a framework for exchanging information on matters that include prevention and suppression of piracy and armed robbery, the arrest of perpetrators and seizure of vessels/craft used to carry out attacks, and rescue of victims of attacks.8 This is the first time governments in the East, the Southeast, and the South Asia have institutionalised their cooperation in the form of a permanent body with full-time staff to combat piracy and armed robbery against ships.
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