This document examines the epidemiologic
evidence that associates selected
musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of the upper
extremity and the low back with exposure to
physical factors at work. The authors have paid
particular attention to analyzing the strength of
the association between MSDs and work
factors. Because the development of an MSD
may be modified by psychosocial factors, the
authors have also reviewed the literature on the
relationship of these factors to the presence of
musculoskeletal symptoms or disorders.
Understanding these associations and relating
them to disease etiology is critical to identifying
workplace exposures that can be reduced or
prevented.