(termed ex-distillery price) is contributed by 1) raw material (feedstock), 2) utilities (energy cost), 3) chemicals, 4) repair and maintenance, 5) insurance, 6) wages and salary, 7) depreciation, and 8) profit margin. Adding transportation/distribution cost to ethanol ex- distillery price results in ethanol ex-refinery price. To estimate transport costs, assumptions were made about transport of cassava chips to ethanol factories, ethanol to oil refineries and gasohol to gas stations, as shown in Table 1. 
Table 1 Assumptions about transport activities for estimating transport cost in cassava ethanol system Type of materials, products Transport facility Capacity (tonnes) Average distance (km) Cassava chips from drying floors to CE plant Ethanol from factories to oil refineries Gasohol from oil refineries to gas stations Diesel Truck Diesel Truck Diesel Truck 15 – 20 10 – 12 10 – 12 100 260 50 
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 
3.1 LCC analysis 3.1.1 Cassava farming The production costs of cassava roots estimated by farmers are in the range of Bt 980 to Bt 1,140 a tonne [In 2006, 1 USD equals approximately 38 Bt]. A detailed breakdown cost structure is shown in Fig. 2