1.1 Preparation of MnO2 electrocatalysts
All reagents were analytical grade and used as received
without further purification. Distilled water was used in
preparation and measurements. KMnO4 (99.5%) and
HNO3 (65%–68%) were supplied by Guangzhou Haizhu
Zone Chemical Reagent Company.
The samples were obtained in a typical synthesis using
KMnO4 and HNO3 with a molar ratio of about 3.4:1(a1),
0.85:1(b1) and 0.2:1(c1), respectively. The weight of
KMnO4 for synthesizing sample a1, b1 and c1 is 0.79, 0.79
and 0.2 g, respectively, while the concentration of HNO3 is
0.05, 0.2 and 0.2 mol/L (all for the volume of 30 mL).
KMnO4 was dissolved in HNO3 under stirring for 30 min
condition. The solution was transferred to a Teflon-lined
stainless-steel autoclave, sealed and maintained at 180℃
for 24 h. The brown-black precipitates were filtered and
washed with distilled water for several times to remove
the unreacted materials and excess materials. The washing
was done until the pH value of the washed water was 7.
The resulting products were finally dried at 80 for 24 ℃ h
in air.
1.1 Preparation of MnO2 electrocatalystsAll reagents were analytical grade and used as receivedwithout further purification. Distilled water was used inpreparation and measurements. KMnO4 (99.5%) andHNO3 (65%–68%) were supplied by Guangzhou HaizhuZone Chemical Reagent Company.The samples were obtained in a typical synthesis usingKMnO4 and HNO3 with a molar ratio of about 3.4:1(a1),0.85:1(b1) and 0.2:1(c1), respectively. The weight ofKMnO4 for synthesizing sample a1, b1 and c1 is 0.79, 0.79and 0.2 g, respectively, while the concentration of HNO3 is0.05, 0.2 and 0.2 mol/L (all for the volume of 30 mL).KMnO4 was dissolved in HNO3 under stirring for 30 mincondition. The solution was transferred to a Teflon-linedstainless-steel autoclave, sealed and maintained at 180℃for 24 h. The brown-black precipitates were filtered andwashed with distilled water for several times to removethe unreacted materials and excess materials. The washingwas done until the pH value of the washed water was 7.The resulting products were finally dried at 80 for 24 ℃ hin air.
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