Why do studies of spillovers reach such diverse conclusions? With respect to wage spillovers, the use of cross-section or panel data does not seem to determine the result. As far as we can judge from Indonesia, while it exists, does not explain the apparent spillovers and neither does any tendency of foreign firms to take over high-wage local firms within industries. Aside from Indonesia, most of the evidence for wage spillovers comes from developed countries, particularly the United States and the United Kingdom. One hint that difference in labor market institutions might be important for the degree of wage spillovers is that two countries found to have negative spillovers were countries with very restrictive labor laws, while the United States and the United Kingdom were among the least restrictive. With respect to productivity spillovers, an accumulation of panel data studies has erased the previous unanimity of panel data results in showing negative or no spillovers. As with wages, firm-specific characteristics do not explain all the higher productivity found for domestic firm in industries where foreign-owned firms were important. The econometric method does not seem to be the crucial determinant of result.