In her first chapter Steinberg looks at the role genetic research has played in reproductive processes. In doing so she argues that by its nature this research is predominantly focused on the female body, both framing women’s bodies as to blame for reproductive problems, and then implementing often intrusive procedures to solve the perceived problem. We can see this predominantly through the development of IVF capabilities, an intrusive and often painful medical procedure that only has an impact on women; a man’s role may be active in other ways, but for them the process is not invasive in a bodily sense. Steinberg argues: