cultivation. As sugarcane production grew, the inherent characteristics of sawah cultivation developed fully, providing for an unprecedented continuous high rate of population growth from the second half of the nineteenth century onward. The pattern of response to this rising population on the part of the wet-rice ecosystem is what Geertz calls agricultural involution. The concept of involution is borrowed from Goldenweiser[12] who used the term to describe cultural patterns often observed in primitive societies which, after having reached what would seem to be a definitive form, nonetheless fail either to stabilize or transform themselves into a new pattern rather continue to develop by becoming internally more complicated. In economic teams, this in essence, pattern of technical change where agricultural production can be increased only by increasing the labor input per fixed unit of land.