2. Managerial Tools as Bureaucrats’ Political Instrument Bureaucrats find innovations from the management school attractive because the techniques invented in the business world have the ultimate goal of tightening control of management over the company and employees so that efficiency can be achieved and more profit made. For example, central agencies have tendencies to introduce management reform innovations that strengthen their power vis-à-vis other bureaucrats in other government agencies. High level bureaucrats use the reform process to remove themselves from routine responsibilities, and try to become ‘strategists and policy advisors, redesigning, evaluating, and monitoring the operational organizations below them (Dunleavy 1991 in Pollitt and Bouckaert, 2004: 182). Management reform tools from the management school are brought in to justify the proposed reform policies in the name of more productivity and better performance. Interestingly, each agency search for management techniques in their “field of expertise.” For example in the case of Thailand, the Civil Service Commission brings in all kinds of human resources management techniques. The Bureau of Budget wants to implement performance-based budgeting. The Public Sector Reform Commission borrows ideas about performance contracts and indicators and worships the balanced-scorecard. 20 The expectation from the political executives that central agencies are to produc