However, it states that
frequent feeding at night including bottle-feeding,
breastfeeding on demand and frequent use of spill-proof
drinking cups is associated with ECC, but is not consistently
implicated. It recommends that infants should not be put to
bed with the baby bottle and that ad libitum breastfeeding
at night should be avoided after the eruption of the first
tooth. Therefore, future research should be conducted
about the effects of breastfeeding and human milk
consumption on oral health and on dentofacial growth. This
view is ambiguous and arguable because the AAPD no longer
includes breastfeeding among cariogenic factors.29 Moreover,
no scientific evidence exists that human milk is cariogenic,61
even if ingested ad libitum and during the night.63
Concomitantly, the view of the AAPD can also result in
practical problems regarding the counseling and guidance of
parents of those infants who wake up crying at night in order
to be breastfed, simply expressing a need that should be
met for infants proper development. Finally, given the
irreversible nature of caries, an actual test involving humans
could be regarded as unethical.56
However, it states thatfrequent feeding at night including bottle-feeding,breastfeeding on demand and frequent use of spill-proofdrinking cups is associated with ECC, but is not consistentlyimplicated. It recommends that infants should not be put tobed with the baby bottle and that ad libitum breastfeedingat night should be avoided after the eruption of the firsttooth. Therefore, future research should be conductedabout the effects of breastfeeding and human milkconsumption on oral health and on dentofacial growth. Thisview is ambiguous and arguable because the AAPD no longerincludes breastfeeding among cariogenic factors.29 Moreover,no scientific evidence exists that human milk is cariogenic,61even if ingested ad libitum and during the night.63Concomitantly, the view of the AAPD can also result inpractical problems regarding the counseling and guidance ofparents of those infants who wake up crying at night in orderto be breastfed, simply expressing a need that should bemet for infants proper development. Finally, given theirreversible nature of caries, an actual test involving humanscould be regarded as unethical.56
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