this work has applications in translator training, the preparation of translation aids, such as dictionaries, grammars, term banks and in recent years, automatic translators, the establishment of translation policy (which involves giving advice on the role of the translator in a given socio-cultural context, deciding on the economic position of the translator, deciding which texts need to be translated, or deciding what role translation criticism, which concerns itself with the development of criteria for the evaluation of the quality or effectiveness of the translation product