many of which are Asian-based – have speakers who have learned
English as an additional language, and these Englishes naturally
have to reflect the cultures and lived experience of their speakers
(Kirkpatrick, 2007; 2010). A fourth reason why judging ELF
against native speaker norms is inappropriate is that the
majority of ELF users are multilinguals who use English with
fellow multilinguals. It is the ability to use English successfully
in multilingual contexts that becomes the key benchmark for
success for multilingual speakers. As Garcia has argued, we should
avoid ‘the inequities’ in measuring multilingual speakers against
monolinguals (2009, p. 386). McKay goes further, saying, ‘Reliance
on a native speaker model as the pedagogical target must be set
aside’ (2009, p. 238). As studies on ELF corpora are beginning
to illustrate, the use of non-standard forms does not necessarily
impinge on communication. Indeed, the use of certain nonstandard
forms – for example a tendency towards syllable timing
as opposed to the stress-timing of traditional native-speaker
varieties of English – far from hindering communication, may
actually enhance it (Deterding and Kirkpatrick, 2006).
many of which are Asian-based – have speakers who have learned
English as an additional language, and these Englishes naturally
have to reflect the cultures and lived experience of their speakers
(Kirkpatrick, 2007; 2010). A fourth reason why judging ELF
against native speaker norms is inappropriate is that the
majority of ELF users are multilinguals who use English with
fellow multilinguals. It is the ability to use English successfully
in multilingual contexts that becomes the key benchmark for
success for multilingual speakers. As Garcia has argued, we should
avoid ‘the inequities’ in measuring multilingual speakers against
monolinguals (2009, p. 386). McKay goes further, saying, ‘Reliance
on a native speaker model as the pedagogical target must be set
aside’ (2009, p. 238). As studies on ELF corpora are beginning
to illustrate, the use of non-standard forms does not necessarily
impinge on communication. Indeed, the use of certain nonstandard
forms – for example a tendency towards syllable timing
as opposed to the stress-timing of traditional native-speaker
varieties of English – far from hindering communication, may
actually enhance it (Deterding and Kirkpatrick, 2006).
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