After removing duplicates, articles that did not meet the initial criteria to include mobile learning and science, or articles that were not peer-reviewed or research-based, 66 studiesremained.Eachofthearticleswascheckedagainstthe inclusion and exclusion criteria by two independent researchers. The inter-rater coding agreement was 96 %. Articles in dispute were discussed, further reviewed, and eitheracceptedorremoved.Atotalof49articlesmetallofthe criteria listed in Table 1. A diagrammatic representation of the literaturesearch and review processcanbe seen inFig.