Methitam (2009) reported that CLT is currently widely adopted in Thai ELT, and to insure its implementation,
the Thai Ministry of Education (MOE) trained EFL teachers through various professional development programs
such as the Project for Improving Secondary English Teachers (PISET), and the Key Personnel Project. While
CLT appears to be the most preferred teaching approach, educators and language teachers have also tried other
teaching approaches including task-based instruction and content-based instruction in conjunction with CLT
(Khamkhien, 2010). However, despite being highly preferred, the implementation of CLT as the dominant
pedagogy has not netted the fluency outcome hoped for as Thai students’ English proficiency still remains low.
Scholars posit that this continues to be the case as Thai teachers are still struggling with executing CLT (Kustati,
2013); some of the struggle persists for an array of reasons: