and, the
20
diametrical clearance of (50 -150) µm between the head and the cup, was investigated in the analysis. The
cup was assumed to be firmly fixed to the pelvic bone through an equivalent layer representing bone
and/or fixation cement. The material and geometrical parameters are presented in Table 1. An illustration
of the hip implant and associated three-dimensional loading and motions is shown in Fig. 1. Two loading
and motion patterns of walking cycles were considered in this study, a Leeds ProSim hip simulator [26] and
3 dimensional physiological walking pattern described by Bergmann et al. [27], as shown in Fig. 2. Cup
inclination angles of 0 and 45 degrees were considered in the analysis for the hip simulator walking cycles,
and the inclination angle of 45 degrees was considered in the physiological walking cycle.