For managers, our results suggest that a supply chain orientation, which stresses integration of functions in stead of a focus on silos (e.g., logistics managers solely focusing on the function of logistics management),should become a priority within supply chain operations. If so, traditional views that hold that logistics managers should be trained mainly in logistics practices should be abandoned. Instead, effective managers will be those trained in a variety of functions. More importantly, mechanisms for integration across functions need to be at the center of supply chain management practices. Indeed, if, as Handfield and Nichols (2003) and Ketchen and Giunipero (2004) argue, future competition will be increasingly "chain vs. chain" rather than "firm vs. firm," then the importance of a supply chain orientation will grow over time.