The gravity of rice flour batter was adjusted to 0.38 similar to regular cupcake batter using
Wheat flour and the batter was transferred to 18 baking cups (B 10 cm, 35 g). Baking was performed in an oven at 180 C top and 150 C bottom (Deck oven, Sam Mi Ind. Co., Seoul, Korea) for 15e 20 min. Then it was left to cool in the cup for 1 h.