In developing his model Likert reinforces the upward orientation with horizontal linkages. He illustrates with examples of (a) subordinates serving as linking pin for horizontal coordination, (b) vertical overlapping group linkages of line and staff departments, (c) vertical overlapping linkages of product departments, and (d) multiple-overlapping group structures with horizontal as well as vertical linkage. Emphasis on processes within a functional group needs to be distinguished from mindless superfluous multiplication of committees, as adjunct to the staff line organization. No overlapping workgroups should exist than are absolutely necessary to perform the linking process. Meaningfully exploited, multiple linkages provide additional channels to share information and influence. They become the link pins to hold the organization together.