1) DNA (genomic or other source) is digested with a restriction enzyme and separated by gel electrophoresis, usually an agarose gel. Because there are so many different restriction fragments on the gel, it usually appears as a smear rather than discrete bands. The DNA is denature into single strands by incubation with NaOH.
2) The DNA is transfered to a membrane which is a sheet of special blotting paper. The DNA fragements retain the same pattern of separation they had on the gel.
3) The blot is incubated with many copies of a probe which is single-stranded DNA. This probe will form base pairs with its complementary DNA sequence and bind to form a double-stranded DNA molecule. The probe cannot be seen but it is either radioactive or has an enzyme bound to it (e.g. alkaline phosphatase or horseradish peroxidase).
4) The location of the probe is revealed by incubating it with a colorless substrate that the attached enzyme converts to a colored product that can be seen or gives off light which will expose X-ray film. If the probe was labeled with radioactivity, it can expose X-ray film directly.