In general, dis-assembly operations are highly variable with respect to the time required. Our respondents reported that dis-assembly times ranged from minutes to weeks, with very large variances in required times to disassemble like-units. The average times reported to disassemble a typical product ranges from a low of 5.54 h to a high of 300 h. All products exhibit a wide range of average times for the dis-assembly of identical products. The variances associated with dis-assembly times may be very high, with coefficients of variance (CVs) as high as 5.0. This uncertainty makes estimating flow times difficult and setting accurate lead times almost impossible. The majority of re-manufacturers stated that they were under constant pressure to reduce lead times in order to remain competitive with OEMs.