Lesson ADT 109
Task: Put clothes in drawers.
Prerequisites: ADT 1, ADT 3, SEN 12, SEN 13
Concept: This skill is an extension of the previous task of "fold clothes" (ADT 108) and can easily be taught at the same time. For some students, however, this is an easier task, which is why ADT 108 is not considered a prerequisite. It is helpful to the student if drawers can be organized to receive clothes in a uniform manner. Discussion throughout the process to describe the actions being performed is encouraged.
Behavioral Objective: When asked, "(Name), please put these clothes away," the student will carry the clothes to a dresser or chest, open the drawers, and place the lathing items in the drawer in a manner that is minimally neat and concludes with the drawer being able to shut completely to a 90% accuracy level for 20 trials.
Materials: Clothing items (preferably the student's) that are supposed to go into drawers, a chest or dresser, colored markers, and paper.
Task Analysis:
1. Physically guide the student through the process of opening and closing the drawers to be used. Reduce physical guidance until the student can open and close the drawers on verbal request.
2. Select only one type of clothing that has been designated to go in only one specific drawer. Draw a symbol to represent that type of clothing, for example, an outline of a T-shirt, and fasten it to the appropriate drawer. Bring that specific type of clothing to the dresser/chest. Using the skills of Step 1, guide the student to open the marked drawer and physically guide him or her through the process of placing those items into the drawer. Request that the student close the drawer.
3. Continue Step 2, adding more choices and symbols until all drawers are used.
4. Continue Step 3 without using drawn symbols and promoting a neat arrangement.
5. Continue Step 4, adding assisting the student in carrying the clothes from a folding area. Reduce all guidance until the objective is met.
Lesson ADT 110
Task: Hang a shirt on a hanger.
Prerequisites: ADT 1, ADT 3, SEN 12, SEN 13
Concept: Hanging a shirt on a hanger involves fine-motor, gross-motor, and kinesthetic skills. In this task, the first item is a shirt, sweater, or blouse that requires no but-toning. The second phase of this training involves using a shirt or blouse that buttons. If difficulties are encountered in this phase, attempt to teach "button up a shirt or blouse" (ADT 53) before moving on. If difficulties continue, the item can be hung without buttoning, because the act of the student independently putting away his or her own clothes is more important that the actual neatness or thoroughness of the outcome.
Behavioral Objective: When presented with a hanger and a clothing article such as a pullover shirt, pants, sweater, or buttoning shirt or blouse, the student will place the item on the hanger and hang the article on an identified hanger bar to a 90% accuracy level for 20 consecutive trials.
Materials: Clothing items such as pullover shirts, pants, sweaters, and buttoning shirts or blouses (preferably the student's own).
Task Analysis:
1. If the student's clothes are of a medium to small size, obtain a large-size pullover shirt; otherwise, use the student's own clothes. Guide the student through the process of holding the bottom opening of the garment with the nondominant hand while feeding the hanger into the clothing with the dominant hand.
2. When the hook comes through the neck opening, have the student grasp the hook with the nondominant hand, pull out the dominant hand and also grasp the hook, release the nondominant hand, and straighten the clothing on the hanger using the nondominant hand.
3. Combine Steps 1 and 2, adding actually hanging up the clothing through physical guidance. Reduce physical guidance for all steps, replacing with verbal prompts until using only the total-task verbal request: "(Name), please hang this up."
4. Modify Steps 1 through 3 for all other clothing items, adding buttoning as appropriate.
5. Lesson ADT 111
Task: Hang pants or dress on a hanger.
Prerequisites: ADT 1, ADT 3, SEN 12, SEN 13
Concept: This skill is an extension of the previous task of "hang a shirt on a hanger" (ADT 110), but that skill is not a prerequisite because sometimes this is an easier task to master. Neatness is not the intended outcome as much as independence. The training can be combined with similar lessons such as "fold clothes" (ADT 108) or even "use a clothes dryer" (ADT 116).
Behavioral Objective: When requested to "please hang up these clothes," the student will arrange a pair of pants or a dress, place it on a hanger in a manner that it stays on, and then place the hanger with clothing on a rack to a 90% accuracy level for 20 consecutive trials.
Materials: Hangers (preferably the thicker plastic kind) and clothing of similar size and type to that of the student's.
Task Analysis:
1. Demonstrate the entire process to be performed to the student.
2. Assist the student in arranging the clothing in a manner that prepares it to be bung. Reduce guidance in this area until the student can perform this task independently.
3. Have the student hold the clothing item in the nondominant hand and pick up a hanger with the dominant hand.
4. Combine Steps 2 and 3 and then assist the student through the final processes of the task.
5. Reduce all guidance to the entire process until only a total-task verbal request is needed. Continue the process until the objective is met.
Lesson ADT 112
Task: Put laundry in a hamper.
Prerequisites: ADT 1, ADT 5, SEN 12
Concept: The skills involved in this task can easily be made into a game. This task can easily coincide with "throw a ball into a receptacle" (SOC 10) and later be useful for other tasks. The main objective is to begin the process of having the student be independently responsible for his or her own clothing. Another skill that is needed is basic discrimination (see prerequisite ADT 5) between which clothes need to be cleaned (put in the hamper) and which should be hung back up or otherwise put away. This determination may vary based on individual circumstances and should be deter-mined by joint agreement among the student (where reasonable), the teacher, and the person who originally determined that this skill was not independently present (the respondent).
Behavioral Objective: The student will independently discriminate between dirty and clean clothes and place the dirty clothes in a clothes hamper to a 95% accuracy level for 20 consecutive trials.
Materials: A hamper (preferably easy to open) and a variety of the student's clothes.
Task Analysis:
1. Help the student to determine the concept of "clean" versus "dirty" clothes. In different settings this may have different meanings, so it should be individualized. With assistance, as needed, help the student to point to different clothing items that arc either clean or dirty.
2. Continue Step 1, reducing assistance until the student can point to clean and dirty clothes on verbal request.
3. Using the skills gained through Step 2, assist the student in picking up and placing dirty clothes in a hamper.
4. Continue Step 3, reducing assistance and replacing the activity with a "basketball" type of game. When successful, use something like a gold star card or other indicator of success and post it in the student's room.
5. Continue Step 4, reducing guidance until student performs the task independently
Lesson ADT 113
Task: Sort laundry by color.
Prerequisites: ADT 1, ADT 5, SEN 12
Concept: Beyond just creating more independence, this skill can be useful for later skills such as "sort by color" (COG 32). Because the task is geared toward laundry skills, the main effort is to separate white clothing from colored clothing. Later activities in this exercise are directed toward sorting items of similar color.
Behavioral Objective: When presented with a pile of clothing and asked to "please sort these," the student will place into separate piles the colored and white clothing to a 95% accuracy level for 20 consecutive trials.
Materials: Various clothing (preferably the student's own) where at least a third of the items are white clothing.
Task Analysis:
1. Show the student the materials and demonstrate the process of sorting the clothes into two piles, one for white clothing and one for colored clothing.
2. Physically guide the student through Step 1.
3. Continue Step 2, reducing physical guidance until only verbal step-by-step cues are needed.
4. Continue Step 3, reducing step-by-step verbal prompting to a total-task verbal request: "(Name), please sort these clothes."
5. Although Step 4 completes the objective, modify the training to also sort colored clothes into similar types of coloring. This is an opportunity to teach the student that some specific items should not be selected for regular laundry due to concerns about fabric shrinkage. The best method to teach this is to provide the student with specific items of the student's that should not receive regular washing.
Lesson ADT 114
Task: Set washing machine dial.
Prerequisites: ADT 1, ADT 4, COG 6, SEN 1, SEN 12
Concept: The ability to perform this task leads naturally toward "use a washing machine" (ADT 115). Different machines involve different processes to set them. It therefore is necessary to teach this skill for the type of machine that is most likely to be used. Because numerous choices are usually possible, it is suggested that the normal wash setting be the only one taught. As later skills develop, modifications to different settings may be helpful. Start the process using gentle physical guidance.
Behavioral Objective: When asked to "set the dial on a washing machine, the student will turn the knob, as appropriate, and push or pull the knob, as needed, for the setting of "normal wash" to a 90% accuracy level for 20 consecutive trials.
Materials: A washing touc