LITERATURE REVIEW
The Notions of Competency and Performance
competency plays a major role in organizational success, Cardy & Selvarajan G2006) classified competencies in organization into two levels: the orga nizational level and the employee organizational level,
com tencies are viewed in terms of strategic management, whereby a firm will achieve competitive advantage by utilizing its resources and cap ties to create core competencies or distinctive competencies a litt, Ireland. & Hoskisson, 2005). Employee-level competencies, on the other hand, are viewed as the capabilities and skills of people in an organization & Dobbins, 1994), which have an effect on personal performance and can contribute to positive organizational outcomes. Firms in the service indus try will improve their service quality by promoting higher performance and developing skills among their staffs. regard to the scope of employee competencies, many scholars have attempted to define its meaning and have offered models or to improve the concept in the workplace, as linkages among employee petencies, employee performance, and a firm's outcomes exist. The notion of competency became more popular after David McClelland G973 began the modern competency movement and introduced the notion of seeking competence rather than solely intelligence developed from a The definition of an individual's competencies was stages, followed general or holistic view of personal behavior in the early C982) defined by classification into visible and hidden behaviors. Boyatzis could be a competency as an underlying characteristic of a person, which a body of "motive, trait, skill aspect of one's self-image or social role, or Tas a988) knowledge which he or she uses" (Cardy & Selvarajan, 2006). as the approached the issue with greater specificity, defining competencies