he results of our study further expand on the findings of a recently reported observational cohort study by Lazarus et al.8 The investigators followed 10,482 participants in the Athero- sclerosis Risk in Communities Study and assessed the associ- ation between self-reported PPI use and the risk of incident CKD defined by diagnostic codes that indicated CKD at hospital discharge or death or by incident ESRD as determined through linkage with United States Renal Database System.