Chocolate is a well-defi ned material in terms of its composition. The legislative
constraints will be described in the next section but, suffi ce to say at this point,
from a fat point of view it is made from cocoa butter, milk fat and, in countries
that permit them, non-cocoa vegetable fats. All of these components contain
signifi cant levels of saturated fatty acids.
Cocoa butter is rich in palmitic, stearic and oleic acids, the ratios of which are
dependent upon the geographical origin of the cocoa butter. Typical fatty acid
compositions of different origin cocoa butters are shown in Table 16.2 . Cocoa
butters from Brazil tend to be lower in total saturates than do cocoa butters from
West Africa or Malaysia – but that also makes them softer. While cocoa butters
from West Africa and Malaysia are similar in terms of total saturates they differ in
the ratio of stearic acid (C18:0) to palmitic acid (C16:0), this ratio being higher in
Malaysian cocoa butters than in West African cocoa butters.
Milk fat is also rich in saturated fatty acids but, in this case, they cover a much
wider range of fatty acid chain lengths and can also include some saturated branched
chain acids. Shukla (1994) quotes levels of unsaturated fatty acids in milk fat from
New Zealand cows that range from about 23% in the summer to about 25% in the
winter. He also indicates that the stearic acid content of milk fat in the Northern
Chocolate is a well-defi ned material in terms of its composition. The legislativeconstraints will be described in the next section but, suffi ce to say at this point,from a fat point of view it is made from cocoa butter, milk fat and, in countriesthat permit them, non-cocoa vegetable fats. All of these components containsignifi cant levels of saturated fatty acids. Cocoa butter is rich in palmitic, stearic and oleic acids, the ratios of which aredependent upon the geographical origin of the cocoa butter. Typical fatty acidcompositions of different origin cocoa butters are shown in Table 16.2 . Cocoabutters from Brazil tend to be lower in total saturates than do cocoa butters fromWest Africa or Malaysia – but that also makes them softer. While cocoa buttersfrom West Africa and Malaysia are similar in terms of total saturates they differ inthe ratio of stearic acid (C18:0) to palmitic acid (C16:0), this ratio being higher inMalaysian cocoa butters than in West African cocoa butters. Milk fat is also rich in saturated fatty acids but, in this case, they cover a muchwider range of fatty acid chain lengths and can also include some saturated branchedchain acids. Shukla (1994) quotes levels of unsaturated fatty acids in milk fat fromNew Zealand cows that range from about 23% in the summer to about 25% in thewinter. He also indicates that the stearic acid content of milk fat in the Northern
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