forming processes, the starting material (usually called the workpiece, stock, or
blank) may be in the shape of a plate, sheet, bar, rod, wire, or tubing of various cross
sections. For example, an ordinary wire coat hanger is made by forming a straight
piece of wire by bending and twisting it into the shape of a hanger. As another example,
the metal body for an automobile typically is made of cold-rolled, flat steel sheet
which is then formed into various shapes (hood, roof, trunk, door panels) using a
pair of large dies