The HCEs authority frequently handled and disposed of their medical waste, along with litter, in domestic bins, drains, general sewerage systems or even in canals. It was observed that some-times surgically removed anatomical body parts are also dumped into road side bins. Although, not part of the main focus of this study, it was at the same time observed that liquid waste and wastewater of HCEs was discharged into the general sewerage system without the necessary precautions. A small proportion of medical waste was observed to be collected and managed by ‘non-governmental organizations’ (NGOs) in separate containers and transported by specially designated vehicles for final disposal.