Research subjects and design
Patients were eligible if they had type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, were over 18 years of age and
had participated in the group education program offered at the diabetes clinic. Exclusion criteria
included pregnancy, severe debilitating disease and cognitive deficit. Following written acceptance
by the patients, they were randomized to either a control group or an intervention group.
Randomization was done immediately after participation in the group education program. All
outcome measures were assessed at randomization and one year after randomization in both groups.
Randomization was generated by random permuted blocks, with allocation concealment by
sequentially numbered, sealed, opaque envelopes. The person generating the allocation scheme did
not administer the allocation of the patients to the two groups and was not part of the research team.
The sample size was determined by a power calculation. With 352 patients, 176 in each
group, the trial can detect a 0.4% difference in HbA1c. The power was set to 90%. This calculation
was based on a standard deviation of 1.15 in the HbA1c-value and a 5% two-sided significance
level.
Medical treatment was not part of the intervention. All participants, irrespective of
participation in the intervention group or the control group, therefore underwent the same routine
check-up at their general practitioner or outpatient clinic in charge of their diabetes care. This
usually involves four physician visits per year. Biochemical tests and examinations are usually
performed during the visits in accordance with national diabetes guidelines. Individual counseling
and recommendations based on the results of the examinations, biochemical tests and their selfmonitoring
of blood glucose are given. Renewal of prescribed medication and test strips for blood
glucose monitoring are also given at these check-ups. As required patients can be referred to
counseling in change of diet, smoking habit and alcohol use.
Research subjects and design
Patients were eligible if they had type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, were over 18 years of age and
had participated in the group education program offered at the diabetes clinic. Exclusion criteria
included pregnancy, severe debilitating disease and cognitive deficit. Following written acceptance
by the patients, they were randomized to either a control group or an intervention group.
Randomization was done immediately after participation in the group education program. All
outcome measures were assessed at randomization and one year after randomization in both groups.
Randomization was generated by random permuted blocks, with allocation concealment by
sequentially numbered, sealed, opaque envelopes. The person generating the allocation scheme did
not administer the allocation of the patients to the two groups and was not part of the research team.
The sample size was determined by a power calculation. With 352 patients, 176 in each
group, the trial can detect a 0.4% difference in HbA1c. The power was set to 90%. This calculation
was based on a standard deviation of 1.15 in the HbA1c-value and a 5% two-sided significance
level.
Medical treatment was not part of the intervention. All participants, irrespective of
participation in the intervention group or the control group, therefore underwent the same routine
check-up at their general practitioner or outpatient clinic in charge of their diabetes care. This
usually involves four physician visits per year. Biochemical tests and examinations are usually
performed during the visits in accordance with national diabetes guidelines. Individual counseling
and recommendations based on the results of the examinations, biochemical tests and their selfmonitoring
of blood glucose are given. Renewal of prescribed medication and test strips for blood
glucose monitoring are also given at these check-ups. As required patients can be referred to
counseling in change of diet, smoking habit and alcohol use.
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