Earlier blood samples were not obtained from this cohort of mice to avoid affecting the behavioral tests. Further studies of the kinetics of ATCV-1 infection and the immune response to infection are thus warranted. Our studies document that ATCV-1 is part of the human virome and is associated with cognitive changes in humans and experimentally infected animals. An increased understanding of the role of ATCV-1 and related viruses may lead to a new understanding of the role of the oropharyngeal virome in human health and cognition.