. Requirements: Incorporating this in class is relatively easy – just provide some reason for students to
discuss the material with each other. Implementation needs to include some minor reward system or
class expectation to promote the group discussion, because otherwise it will not happen spontaneously
for many students. Group size should be small (2‐4). Two low‐effort options for group formation that
enhance interaction over just “talk to your neighbour” are: 1) instructor randomly assigns, or 2) students
self‐organize and register their group online. Such formal groups particularly enhance interaction if
students are occasionally required to provide group consensus answers. While it is preferable to have a
range of backgrounds and levels in each group, the benefits in this setting are usually not considered
large enough to be worth the effort. The benefits are primarily from avoiding groups composed solely of
low motivation and low ability students. With mixed groups, the better prepared students can provide
explanations to the weaker students, with benefit to both.