Recent value creation studies illuminate the collective process of value creation within brand
communities. For example Schau et al. (2009) have studied the macro-perspective of value
creation by focusing on multi-brand communities. They highlight a set of 12 collective practices
whereby consumers co-create value. Mun˜iz and Schau (2005) have examined the case of the Apple
Newton brand community, in which the stigma of an ‘abandoned’ brand led consumers to co-create
the brand meaning, thus extending the brand’s life. For Apple Newton, consumer faith in the brand
emerged through the co-creation of myths and religiosity in a largely online community, and this
faith has kept the brand alive for a select group of consumers.