The DSM criteria for narcissism, like those for antisocial, do not include specific reference to reactive or proactive motivation for aggression. Narcissism has been linked to reactive aggression through the concept of threatened egotism, in which aggression serves as a defensive response when the highly favorable self-view is challenged by less favorable external appraisals (Baumeister et al., 1996; Baumeister and Boden, 1998). This view was supported by several studies linking narcissistic traits to aggressive behavior like administering more aversive tones, or giving negative verbal feedback after rejection or receiving negative feedback (e.g., Bushman and Baumeister, 1998; Stucke and Sporer, 2002; Twenge and Campbell, 2003). However, other studies failed to replicate the activation of narcissistic rage following ego-threat (e.g. study 1 of