Obstetrical characteristics of participants are listed in Table 1. There were no significant differences between groups. Among women who presented with a birth plan,71% were nulliparous, 29% were multiparous, and 4% had a previous cesarean. Among the women in the control group, 54% were nulliparous, 46% were multiparous, and 9% had had a previous cesarean. In the birth plan group, 73% of the women experienced spontaneous labor, whereas 75% of the women in the control group experienced spontaneous labor. Among women in the birth plan group, 31% received oxytocin and 75% had an epidural. In the control group, 53% received oxytocin and, similar to the birth plan group, 75% had an epidural. The percentage of women who had an episiotomy was 31% in the birth plan group and 39% in the control group.