To growers, stickiness means higher costs for insect control and reduced cotton mar- ketability. To ginners, stickiness may mean special handling and processing require- ments. At the textile mill, stickiness means reduced processing efficiency, lower yarn quality, and in severe cases total shut down. For everyone concerned, stickiness means reduced profitability. Stickiness occurs when excessive sugars present on fibers are transferred to equipment and interfere with processing. Sugars may be insect- or plant-derived. Though sugars are ubiquitous in lint, they usually occur at levels that pose no processing difficulties. This bulletin details the sources and com- ponents of problem sugars on harvested lint, the processing and marketing impacts of stickiness, and strategies for avoiding or mitigating stickiness.
Honeydew, when present in sufficient quantity, is the main source of sugars that can result in sticky lint. Honeydew is ex- creted by certain phloem-feeding insects including such common pests of cotton as aphids and whiteflies. These insects are capable of transforming ingested sucrose into over twenty different sugars in their excreted honeydew. The major sugars in cotton insect honeydew are trehalulose, melezitose, sucrose, fructose and glucose.
Another source of stickiness is free plant sugars sometimes found in immature fi- bers. Cotton fiber is largely cellulose that is formed from sugars synthesized by the plant. Dry, mature cotton fibers contain little free sugar, while immature cotton fibers contain glucose, fructose, sucrose, and other sugars. If immature cotton fiber is subjected to a freeze, complex sugars may be broken down to release additional simple sugars. Less commonly, oils re- leased by crushed seed coat fragments can also result in stickiness. In this case, raffi- nose is the characteristic sugar.
To growers, stickiness means higher costs for insect control and reduced cotton mar- ketability. To ginners, stickiness may mean special handling and processing require- ments. At the textile mill, stickiness means reduced processing efficiency, lower yarn quality, and in severe cases total shut down. For everyone concerned, stickiness means reduced profitability. Stickiness occurs when excessive sugars present on fibers are transferred to equipment and interfere with processing. Sugars may be insect- or plant-derived. Though sugars are ubiquitous in lint, they usually occur at levels that pose no processing difficulties. This bulletin details the sources and com- ponents of problem sugars on harvested lint, the processing and marketing impacts of stickiness, and strategies for avoiding or mitigating stickiness.
Honeydew, when present in sufficient quantity, is the main source of sugars that can result in sticky lint. Honeydew is ex- creted by certain phloem-feeding insects including such common pests of cotton as aphids and whiteflies. These insects are capable of transforming ingested sucrose into over twenty different sugars in their excreted honeydew. The major sugars in cotton insect honeydew are trehalulose, melezitose, sucrose, fructose and glucose.
Another source of stickiness is free plant sugars sometimes found in immature fi- bers. Cotton fiber is largely cellulose that is formed from sugars synthesized by the plant. Dry, mature cotton fibers contain little free sugar, while immature cotton fibers contain glucose, fructose, sucrose, and other sugars. If immature cotton fiber is subjected to a freeze, complex sugars may be broken down to release additional simple sugars. Less commonly, oils re- leased by crushed seed coat fragments can also result in stickiness. In this case, raffi- nose is the characteristic sugar.
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