distribution systems, common in many developing countries,
have been linked to contamination of water at consumer
taps and outbreaks of water-borne illnesses (Geldreich, 1996;
Semenza et al., 1998; Lee and Schwab, 2005). One widespread
deficiency is the practice of intermittentwater supply (IWS). An
estimated one-third of piped water supplies in Africa and Latin
America andmore than half in Asia supplywater intermittently
(WHO and UNICEF, 2000; van den Berg and Danilenko, 2011).