The participants in the study were 44 students majoring in Korean Literature, English
Literature, management, economics, educational psychology, and physical education at a
women’s university. They were divided into two different classrooms, and all participants were
enrolled in a TOEIC course which focused on listening and reading during the fall semester of
2012. Originally, the number of enrolled participants was 49, but due to the late drop, the data of
44 students were analyzed in the study. The control group was composed of 24 students while
the experimental group was 20. All participants were instructed to improve listening and reading
skills to prepare for TOEIC tests. The students in the experimental group were assigned to
English listening using their smart phone apps two times a week while those in the control group
were not. Later, the participants took the same listening comprehension test extracted from a
practical TOEIC book as well as a certified TOEIC test before- and after-the course.