11- The set of social and technical functions inherent in the management process.
- Includes:
- Planning = Deciding prospectively what to do to achieve organizational missions and objectives.
- Organizing = Managers must design an organization that is capable of achieving plans.
12- Staffing = Involves a wide range of centralized activities, programs, and policies related to acquisitions, retention, and maintenance of human resources.
- Directing = Social-behavioral in nature and focuses on initiating action in the organization or system.
- Controlling functions = Involves gathering information and monitoring activities and performance, comparing actual results with expected results to take corrective action.
- Decision-Making Function = Intertwined with all other functions.