The CPCB issues emissions regulations for highly polluting industries, including power plants.9 Particulate emissions are affected indirectly by coal washing requirements and directly by emission limits (see Table 3). Beginning in 2002, the use of coal with ash content exceeding 34 percent was prohibited in any thermal power plant located more than 1,000 km from the pithead or in urban or sensitive or critically polluted areas. At the time the regulation was issued, it was estimated to affect approximately 24 GW of installed capacity.10 In practice, the standard is achieved by blending washed and unwashed coal (or imported coal) to reduce average ash content to 34 percent. Zamuda and Sharpe (2007) estimate that in 2005-2006, only 5 percent of