Carnival Corporation's shore operations had approximately 10,000 full-time and 5,000 part- time/seasonal employees. Carnival also employed approximately 70,000 officers, crew, and staff onboard the 98 ships at any one time. Because of the highly seasonal nature of the Alaskan and Canadian operations Holland America Tour and Princess Tours increased their workforce during the late spring and summer months in connection with the Alaskan cruise season, employing additional seasonal personnel Carnival had entered into agreements with unions covering certain employee categories, and union relations were considered to be gen- erally good. Nonetheless, the American Maritime union had cited Carnival(and other cruise operators) several times for exploitation of its crews