Given that there is no single model of NPM, a network approach may provide a
way by which more complex institutional interactions can be analysed. The
enabling of institutional interaction around public policy results in collaborative,
co-operative and competitive policy games between and within networks (Klijn and
Koppenjan, 2000). In an environment of transformed public governance, these
networks include sponsoring governmental departments and devolved delivery
agencies (whether public, private or non-profit) that operate flexibly rather than
being rule-bound. This further reinforces the perception that the management of
networks and constituent policy games encourages the development of
post-bureaucracy (Klijn and Koppenjan, 2000).