1) MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, FISCAL PRUDENCE, DEBT
HPAEs had substantial fiscal deficits: high savings & rapid growth avoided inflationary financing of the deficit.
Fiscal prudence helped to reduce foreign borrowing.
Policies enabled four HPAEs (Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Thailand) that borrowed abroad to sustain debt better than other DCs: no debt crises.
High level exports led to foreign exchange availability to service debt.
High growth led to returns on borrowed capital to pay the interest.