Box 3.1 Neighborhood Urban Upgrading in HCMC
One of the most efficient ways to improve housing for the urban poor and the lower middle class is to upgrade
the infrastructure of existing neighborhoods, in particular in areas of old town houses without car access.
Often in HCMC and Hanoi, in particular, some of the most desirable housing units for lowest income
groups are found in older neighborhoods, which are well located but that have been abandoned by higher
income groups in part due to lack of infrastructure, in particular access.