In 2 distinct cohorts of childbearing women in northern California, we found that several dimensions of interpersonal processes of care, which reflect the patient–provider experience during the prenatal period, were independently associated with risk of cesarean delivery. Among women at KP-WC, a group-model integrated delivery system, higher mean scores on the provider’s “elicitation of patient problems and responsiveness” conferred a lower risk of cesarean delivery, whereas higher scores on “empowerment/self-care” were associated with a higher risk of cesarean delivery. In subgroup analyses of women without a history of cesarean delivery, we found that higher mean scores on the provider’s “elicitation of patient problems and responsiveness” remained inversely associated with cesarean delivery. This indicates that among the KP-WC women who had a primary cesarean delivery