growth but had encountered severe financial problems and was under pressure from the lender banks. It therefore decided to make changes, but rather reluctantly. Changing business strategy and the IS role was essential, but the IS sourcing continued as before. Sequential attention to goals also played a role; Alpha was concerned with survival at that time, and IS sourcing was not really considered. The new CIO had inadequate knowledge of the shift toward a Defender business strategy, and the CEO had decided to shift the IS role toward efficiency, but the changes in IS sourcing and structure were made by the CIO (split responsibilities). Consequently, the new CIO continued with insourcing (in fact, he hired several new IS personnel) and shifted IS toward a shared structure.