Aluminum Cadmium Lead Mercury Nickel Author
Water (mg/l)
Illegal fish farm in Sabal drainage canal 2.287 1.315 2.053 1.159 1.586 Present study
Illegal fish farms near Sabal drainage canal NM NM 0.163 0.218 0.187 Alne-na-ei (1998)
Bahr Shebeen Canal, Al-Minufiya Province NM NM 0.038 0.056 0.111 Alne-na-ei (1998)
Shanawan drainage canal, Al-Minufiya Province NM 0.060 0.650 1.870 NM Khallaf et al. (1998)
River Nile (Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo sector) NM 0.003 0.002 NM NM Elghobashy et al. (2001)
Private fish farm at Fayoum Governorate, Egypt NM 0.016 0.062 NM 0.146 Mansour and Sidky (2002)
Drainage canals in Nile Delta NM NM 0.160 NM 0.240 Alne-na-ei (2003)
River Nile from Idfo to Cairo NM NM 0.061 NM NM Abdel-Satar (2005)
El-Shoura fish farm in El-Fayoum Province, Egypt NM 0.0061 0.101 NM NM Ali and Abdel-Satar (2005)
Sabal Drainage Canal, Al-Minufiya Province 27.390 0.080 1.480 0.910 NM Authman (2008)
Permissible limits 87.000* 0.250* 2.500* 0.770* 52.000* USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (2009)
Fish muscle (mg/kgm)
Illegal fish farm in Sabal drainage canal (O. niloticus) 4.530 4.354 3.023 2.353 4.611 Present study
Suez fish farm (O. niloticus) NM NM 1.650 NM ND Shereif and Mancy (1995)
Fish farm in Lake Manzala (O. niloticus) NM NM 11.2500 NM ND Shereif and Mancy (1995)
Illegal fish farms near Sabal Drainage Canal (T. zillii) NM NM 3.880 NM 2.760 Alne-na-ei (1998)
Shanawan drainage canal, Al-Minufiya Province (O. niloticus) NM 5.300 48.700 67.100 NM Khallaf et al. (1998)
River Nile (Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo sector) (O. niloticus) NM 0.040 1.220 NM NM Elghobashy et al. (2001)
Private fish farm at Fayoum Governorate, Egypt (Tilapia sp). NM 0.096 6.381 NM 0.384 Mansour and Sidky (2002)
Drainage canals in Nile Delta (T. zillii) NM NM 6.200 NM 1.800 Alne-na-ei (2003)
El-Shoura fish farm in El-Fayoum Province, Egypt (Tilapia sp). NM 2.200 6.500 NM NM Ali and Abdel-Satar (2005)
Sabal Drainage Canal, Al-Minufiya Province (O. niloticus) 3.780 3.400 31.950 39.130 NM Authman (2008)
Permissible limits NA 0.500 2.000 0.300 NA WHO (World Health Organization) (1993)
Aluminum Cadmium Lead Mercury Nickel Author
Water (mg/l)
Illegal fish farm in Sabal drainage canal 2.287 1.315 2.053 1.159 1.586 Present study
Illegal fish farms near Sabal drainage canal NM NM 0.163 0.218 0.187 Alne-na-ei (1998)
Bahr Shebeen Canal, Al-Minufiya Province NM NM 0.038 0.056 0.111 Alne-na-ei (1998)
Shanawan drainage canal, Al-Minufiya Province NM 0.060 0.650 1.870 NM Khallaf et al. (1998)
River Nile (Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo sector) NM 0.003 0.002 NM NM Elghobashy et al. (2001)
Private fish farm at Fayoum Governorate, Egypt NM 0.016 0.062 NM 0.146 Mansour and Sidky (2002)
Drainage canals in Nile Delta NM NM 0.160 NM 0.240 Alne-na-ei (2003)
River Nile from Idfo to Cairo NM NM 0.061 NM NM Abdel-Satar (2005)
El-Shoura fish farm in El-Fayoum Province, Egypt NM 0.0061 0.101 NM NM Ali and Abdel-Satar (2005)
Sabal Drainage Canal, Al-Minufiya Province 27.390 0.080 1.480 0.910 NM Authman (2008)
Permissible limits 87.000* 0.250* 2.500* 0.770* 52.000* USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (2009)
Fish muscle (mg/kgm)
Illegal fish farm in Sabal drainage canal (O. niloticus) 4.530 4.354 3.023 2.353 4.611 Present study
Suez fish farm (O. niloticus) NM NM 1.650 NM ND Shereif and Mancy (1995)
Fish farm in Lake Manzala (O. niloticus) NM NM 11.2500 NM ND Shereif and Mancy (1995)
Illegal fish farms near Sabal Drainage Canal (T. zillii) NM NM 3.880 NM 2.760 Alne-na-ei (1998)
Shanawan drainage canal, Al-Minufiya Province (O. niloticus) NM 5.300 48.700 67.100 NM Khallaf et al. (1998)
River Nile (Shoubra El-Kheima, Cairo sector) (O. niloticus) NM 0.040 1.220 NM NM Elghobashy et al. (2001)
Private fish farm at Fayoum Governorate, Egypt (Tilapia sp). NM 0.096 6.381 NM 0.384 Mansour and Sidky (2002)
Drainage canals in Nile Delta (T. zillii) NM NM 6.200 NM 1.800 Alne-na-ei (2003)
El-Shoura fish farm in El-Fayoum Province, Egypt (Tilapia sp). NM 2.200 6.500 NM NM Ali and Abdel-Satar (2005)
Sabal Drainage Canal, Al-Minufiya Province (O. niloticus) 3.780 3.400 31.950 39.130 NM Authman (2008)
Permissible limits NA 0.500 2.000 0.300 NA WHO (World Health Organization) (1993)
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